Discipleship and the grace-based life

Oswald Chambers
Are grace and discipleship at odds? No, though some approaches to following Jesus leave grace behind and grab for other things. Oswald Chambers addresses this problem in the July 2 reading in My Utmost for His Highest:
"If the closest relationships of life clash with the claims of Jesus Christ, He says it must be instant obedience to Himself. Discipleship means personal, passionate devotion to a Person, Our Lord Jesus Christ. There is a difference between devotion to a Person and devotion to principles or to a cause. Our Lord never proclaimed a cause; He proclaimed personal devotion to Himself. To be a disciple is to be a devoted love-slave of the Lord Jesus. Many of us who call ourselves Christians are not devoted to Jesus Christ. No man on earth has this passionate love to the Lord Jesus unless the Holy Ghost has imparted it to him. We may admire Him, we may respect Him and reverence Him, but we cannot love Him. The only Lover of the Lord Jesus is the Holy Ghost, and He sheds abroad the very love of God in our hearts. Whenever the Holy Ghost sees a chance of glorifying Jesus, He will take your heart, your nerves, your whole personality, and simply make you blaze and glow with devotion to Jesus Christ.”  
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
According to Jeff McSwain (in his book, Movements of Grace)Dietrich Bonhoeffer also grounds discipleship in grace, viewing it as our participation in the love and life of God through our union with Jesus in the power of the Holy Spirit:
...For Bonhoeffer [in his book, The Cost of Discipleship], grace is about God's unconditional 'Yes' in the person of Jesus Christ, His call for us to be commtted to him [as a disciple] is wrapped up in his commitment to us. All of our striving is within the context of our belonging, reminiscent of Paul's comment, 'I press on to make it my own because Christ Jesus has made me his own.' ...When Christ calls a person to obey it means taking off the heavy yoke and putting on the light one. Discipleship is not about a power struggle, but about a love relationship... For Bonhoeffer, the motivation to follow and the empowerment to obey derive from the joy of grace..." (pp. 96-97, emphasis added).  
It is an error to read legalism into Bonhoeffer's call to discipleship. He was a careful and passionate proponent of the grace-based, Trinitarian, incarnational theology that he learned from Karl Barth and through his own study of Scripture and the early church fathers. For Bonhoeffer (like Barth), discipleship is grounded in and fundamental to the grace of God that is ours in union and communion with Jesus.

The life of grace with Jesus is the life of being his disciple. It is by grace alone that Jesus, out of his abundance, enables us through his Spirit to share in his life - a life of ministry with Jesus. Our calling and challenge is to surrender to Jesus, walk in his Spirit, and thus participate in what he is now doing.

The life of being a disciple of Jesus is joy and freedom in the Spirit, not legalistic duty. It entails radical, single-minded following of Jesus - not a program,  religion, or cause (no matter how noble). It's not even a life of following Jesus as a concept, historic figure or good moral example. Instead, it is the outworking of our personal union with Jesus, in the Spirit - a union that deepens into communion as we share, through the Spirit, in what Jesus is doing in our world to fulfill the Father's mission. Jesus' life becomes our life; his mission and ministry our life work.

To paraphrase T.F. Torrance: It's all of grace, and all of grace includes all of us.