The Surprising God

From time to time, we are asked, "Are you guys Barthians"? (or "Torrancians," or devotees of certain other theologians who embrace a theology similar to what is explored on this blog). The short answer is "no." Trinitarian theology is not a uniform "school" of theology and we are not slavishly beholden to any particular so-called "Trinitarian" theologians. Of course, the question is understandable. We humans love to categorize things and theology is no exception. Thus, there is "Calvinism," "Arminianism," "Universalism" and other theological -isms. However, "Incarnational Trinitarian Theology" (the label we use for the theology explored here) rather than being prescriptive  of a uniform set of beliefs, is  descriptive of a theological perspective.   It addresses the heart of a theological vision and method rather than establishing rigid limits of a uniform school of theology. Karl Barth, T...

In Karl Barth's Theology of Relations , Dr. Gary Deddo notes that human being is fundamentally "being-in-relationship" - both "with God" and "for God." Based on this insight, Gary suggests a "six-fold grammar of family relations." In a previous post I applied this grammar to Christian counseling. Here I apply it to Christian ministry in general - our Spirit-led participation in Jesus' incarnational, " place-sharing " ministry with all humanity. The God whom we worship in Jesus Christ is the Triune God who exists in loving covenantal communion and who has created, reconciled and redeemed all humanity for participation in that very communion of Father and Son in the Holy Spirit. Human relationships are the context in which this communion may be communicated and reflected. As human beings, we have our personhood only as a gift of being in covenantal communion with God, which calls for our personal participation. This life o...

This blog occasionally receives comments objecting to our statement that, "all people are included in God's love and life." Some objectors claim that this statement is tantamount to teaching universalism. Though that is not what we mean by the statement, it is understandable that some misconstrue it that way, given differing viewpoints concerning the doctrine of salvation. As Trinitarian theologian  Gary Deddo commented to me recently, those who object to a trinitarian, incarnational understanding of salvation tend to view salvation as a steady state of individuals that is effective in a mechanical (instrumental) way, whereby individuals either are in the “on” (saved) position or in the “off” (unsaved) position. This mechanistic view of salvation comes from thinking that God operates upon individuals as a causal force, either in a deterministic way (as in Calvinistic double predestination), or (as in Arminianism) by creating a universal potential that becom...

Reproduced below (with slight modification) is a post appearing on the Questions: Epistles of Paul  page of this blog. It  was originally written by J. Michael Feazell.  Refer to that and the other "questions" pages on this blog for answers to frequently asked biblical questions related to Trinitarian, incarnational theology. In Romans 8:29, Paul writes this:  For those God foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. What does Paul mean by predestined ?  First, remember Paul is teaching that we are saved by grace, through Christ; a salvation received (experienced) by faith, which, itself, is God's gift (a sharing in Christ's own faith, through the Spirit – see the KJV translation of Gal. 2:20 ). Thus we understand that our salvation does not rest on what we, of ourselves, do. Rather, it rests on what Christ has done, is doing, and will yet do on our behalf. Through the Inc...

Trinitarian, incarnational theology addresses both the nature of God (theology) and the nature of humanity created in the image of God (anthropology). In Karl Barth's Theology of Relations (Trinitarian, Christological and Human: Towards an Ethic of the Family)   Gary Deddo explores a Trinitarian anthropology, showing that human being is "being-in-relationship" -- both with God  and for God . Humanity with God Our being is with God. We exist from God and do not exist without God, yet we are not to be confused with God. We are united with Jesus but not identical with him. We are differentiated from, yet in communion with God. Our participation, through the incarnation, in the trinitarian communion is the essence of human being, which is being-in-relationship.  This being-in-relationship is the ordered correspondence of humanity with God and so we are an image of and witness to God. Jesus corresponds in his being to God in that he is God’s presence and thus relati...

Jim Valekis, lead pastor of the Grace Communion International (GCI) church in Tipp City, Ohio has written a thoroughly Trinitarian curriculum for use with seekers and new believers. It's titled The Hope of Jesus.  To download a copy, click here . This curriculum is ideal for what GCI refers to as FaithTalk groups. GCI resources these evangelistic small groups at  FaithTalk equipper . FaithTalk groups are safe places where people discuss their spiritual interest. Over time, the opportunity typically arises to share with group members the exceedingly good news that, in Jesus, all people are loved, forgiven and accepted by God. As interest is shown, group members are invited to personally receive this good news through repentance and faith, and to commit their lives to following Jesus. I hope readers of The Surprising God will find these FaithTalk resources helpful in their ministries. Click on the image below to watch a video in which Jim Valekis and his wife Bec...

[Updated on 1/19/2017] Several years ago, I attended a seminar with a well-known Christian author who for many years had written about sanctification. He shocked us by proclaiming that, "the books of mine that you own should be discarded--I have discovered that they do not work!" What his books and small group curricula had advocated was a strategy for ordering one's life in obedience to God. Why doesn't that work? The author answered: "I learned that no one overcomes a 'besetting sin' until they realize that they are forgiven already." What he came to understand is that obedience is the  fruit of sanctification, not its  cause . God sanctifies us by his grace, not by our efforts .  Scrovegni's "Expulsion of the Money-changers" (public domain via Wikimedia Commons) This is a vital truth to understand (and to live by), for it is essential to the gospel of God's grace, which proclaims that every aspect of our salvation...

I'm repeating here a post from 2010 concerning the message of Christmas. May you and yours celebrate this season with joy and in good health. At Christmas, we celebrate the Incarnation - the stunning miracle by which the eternal Son of God, while not ceasing to be fully God, became fully human in the person of Jesus Christ. As noted by T.F. Torrance in  Incarnation, the person and life of Christ , the Incarnation is a "redeeming event" by which the Son of God assumed "our unholy humanity" with the result being that, "his purity wipes away our impurity, his holiness covers our corruption" (p82). This association of the Incarnation with our redemption is often overlooked at Christmas; yet it is central to the Christmas story. As T.F. notes, through the Incarnation, God, in the person of Jesus, permanently united our human nature with his divine nature. The result of this union (which includes us in Jesus' birth, life, death, resurrection and ...

[updated 5/22/2019] A key understanding of incarnational Trinitarian theology is that God has included everyone in his love and life through the incarnation, life, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus and through what Jesus did at Pentecost in pouring out the Holy Spirit on all humanity. Are we then saying that all people have the Holy Spirit ? There are several factors at work that I'll briefly address here. St. Peter's Holy Spirit window (public domain via Wikimedia Commons) First, there is the nature and the timing of God’s call. Paul writes in Romans 8:30 that, "...those he [God] predestined, he also called; those he called, he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified." Here Paul addresses the broad sweep of salvation history in which he sees all humanity as included in Christ---in what he accomplished for all through his life, death, resurrection and ascension. This is the objective  reality of salvation history located in th...

[updated 10/10/22] At times, Christians reduce the idea of salvation to less than its biblical fullness. Unfortunately, this strips salvation of some of its richness and leads to confusion concerning its nature and scope. However, when viewed through the lens of incarnational (Christ-centered) Trinitarian theology, the fullness of our salvation in Jesus Christ comes into focus as represented in the diagram below, which likens salvation to a stunningly beautiful gem with multiple facets. This diagram reminds us that salvation (represented by the full gem) is the sum total of its individual parts (represented by the gem's facets). This holistic view of salvation seeks to be faithful to Christ, who through his incarnation, life, death, resurrection, ascension and the sending of the Holy Spirit, is the Source of our salvation.  Note that the diagram does not show all of salvation's facets, but lists several, including justification, redemption, adoption, sanctification an...

A key aspect of incarnational Trinitarian theology is understanding how Scripture distinguishes between what we might call the Upper   Story  and the Lower Story . The Upper Story  is reality as viewed from God's objective perspective, and the Lower Story  is reality as viewed from our subjective perspective. Sometimes these two are referred to as universal  and personal with the former pertaining to what Scripture refers to as kairos  time and the latter as kronos  time. Here is a diagram that integrates these concepts: These concepts and their interrelationships flow from a Hebraic worldview (the frame of reference, which dominates Holy Scripture) with the diagram illustrating the reality that what God has done for us in Christ, " from the foundation of the world " is the objective Upper Story  reality. God's reality then becomes our personal/subjective Lower Story  reality when we believe (and thus, in faith, receive) both who God in...

Last time we saw that Trinitarian theology shows how pastoral counselors participate in the ongoing counseling ministry of Jesus, the wonderful counselor . It's important to note that Jesus does not "fax in" his counsel from afar. Rather, through his continuing incarnation (by which he is united to all humanity), in the power of the Holy Spirit, Jesus Christ is God with us ( Emmanuel ). His counseling ministry is thus fundamentally  incarnational -- a "with us and for us" ministry of presence . Though most pastoral counselors utilize a particular counseling (therapeutic) mode (and there are many), research indicates that the mode itself accounts only for only about 15% of the efficacy (curative power) of the counseling. Of greater importance is the counseling relationship . Counselees most frequently experience positive counseling outcomes when their counselor is compassionate, empathetic, attentive and thus nurturing. The counselor's caring presenc...

One of the ways pastors and other ministers share in the mission of our triune God, is by joining with Jesus Christ, the wonderful counselor , in his ministry of counseling, in the power of the Holy Spirit, through the church. That being so, we appropriately ask, How does Trinitarian, incarnational theology inform pastoral counseling? I've been thinking about this for some time, studying Holy Scripture and books like Theology & Pastoral Counseling (a new interdisciplinary approach) by Deborah van Deusen Hunsinger, who teaches pastoral counseling at Princeton Theological Seminary. She helpfully describes an interdisciplinary approach to pastoral counseling, which draws upon the Trinitarian theology of Karl Barth and psychodynamic theories of psychology. I find her approach both sound and useful. According to Hunsinger, "Pastoral counseling, as a ministry of the church, is essentially interdisciplinary. Becoming equipped for this ministry requires both psychologic...

As we look through the lens of a Trinitarian, incarnational theology, the central truth of the gospel comes into clear focus, declaring that God the Father, through the life, death, resurrection and ascension of his incarnate Son, Jesus Christ, has reconciled the world (including all humanity) to himself (see 2 Cor. 5:19 ). In Christ, through the Holy Spirit, all people are forgiven, accepted and included in God's triune love and life. This central truth is unpacked by Baxter Kruger in The Shack Revisited: There Is More Going On Here than You Ever Dared to Dream . I recommend it highly. In the book's appendix, Baxter offers quotes that speak to a Trinitarian, incarnational understanding of the gospel. Here are a few of them, and for others, see the relevant quotes page on this blog. From Paul S. Minear, Images of the Church in the New Testament: In the context of his statement [ 2 Cor. 5:17 ] Paul located this transition from the old to the new at a single point: the...

Many hold a two-spheres view of reality, with one sphere that is separate from God (the secular world) and one that is united with God (the sacred world). This dualistic worldview colors everything else, including one's perspective on ethics. According to Dietrich Bonhoeffer in his book Ethics , a two-spheres worldview runs contrary to the core message of the gospel, which declares that the whole world has been taken up in Jesus Christ through the Holy Spirit and there reconciled to the Father. Bonhoeffer asserts that when Christians embrace a dualistic approach to ethics (or call it Christian living), they place themselves in an "irreconcilable struggle against the world," which keeps them from participating actively in Jesus' redemptive activity in the world. He continues: Ethical thinking in terms of spheres...is invalidated by faith in the revelation of the ultimate reality in Jesus Christ.... There is no place to which the Christian can withdraw from the ...

Christians highly value the Bible. That is as it should be. But as we read Holy Scripture, do we receive what God intends? To do so consistently, I believe it is vital that we read the Bible with Jesus . Let me explain. A recent post  on the  Evangelical Calvinist blog notes the danger of a  personalized or private approach to reading the Bible: In American Evangelicalism we have been taken captive by what some have termed a solo scriptura ; meaning that... all I need is my own personal, introspective and private reading of the Bible.... My strongest argument against ‘solo scriptura’ (or scripture by itself in contrast to the Reformed ‘sola scriptura’) is that Jesus himself actually reinterpreted the Old Testament scriptures (often times in contrast to the Rabbinic readings of his earthly day) in light of himself. This at the least should underscore the fact that the scriptures have a ‘canon’ or standard by which they themselves are measured; indeed,...

Just recently, I was reminded of the nature of our humanity in this fallen world and of God's amazing grace. The reminder came seemingly randomly--through a TV show, a movie and a book. I love it when the Holy Spirit speaks in unexpected ways. I hope I was listening well. Pete Townsend The TV show that I watched included an interview with rock legend Pete Townsend of The Who,  discussing his newly released autobiography, Who I Am. I fought back tears as he recounted a troubled life--rejection by his parents, mistreatment by his mentally ill grandmother, sexual abuse from his grandmother's boyfriends, and other sources of trauma. Though the resultant anger and sense of alienation drove him to great achievement in music, it left him with a terrible, gnawing pain deep inside his soul--feeling unloved and unlovable. This pain spilled over into his relationships, including a rocky partnership with band mate Roger Daltrey. Thankfully, after much bitterness and some shared s...